Preservation and maintenance of wetlands is one of the vital items of every society. Wetlands are considered as a source of water and food for humans, so wetlands` protection is important due to the human life.  Participations of different groups of society is required in order to achieve the goal of wetlands preservation. Identifying and analyzing the determinants of LOCAL COMMUNITY participation in the restoration of Parishan wetland of Fars province was the main purpose of current study. The statistical population was the LOCAL COMMUNITY living in 18 villages around the Parishan wetland of Fars province that 250 individuals of them were selected through random sampling method to collect information using survey and based on a special questionnaire. Data were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. According to the results, various factors could be effective on increasing the participation of the LOCAL COMMUNITY, from the literacy level and area under cultivation to the other factors such as commitment and responsibility of individuals, educational workshops, considering the opinions of different LOCAL groups in decision-makings, the importance of women`s position, communications between experts and LOCAL people as well as the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Holding educational classes especially for the women of each village according to their culture, increasing trust between the LOCAL COMMUNITY and other governmental and non-governmental institutions through improvement of interactions and informing LOCAL people about the current status of the wetland as well as the dangers that may arise in the future through virtual networks were some of the applicable recommendations of the study.

Social conflict in projects is an uncompromising representation of differences in interests. Each project receives different claims from stakeholders based on their conditions. Project interest depends on the target level and goals to be achieved. Subsequently, the LOCAL COMMUNITY surrounding the project transforms their interests based on economic, social, cultural, and environmental expectations. This study aims to reveal factors of interests between project and LOCAL COMMUNITY on the occurrence of social conflict in projects. Soft System Methodology and CATWOE were used to identify root cause and factors of interests in the social conflict. Through library research and previous relevant researches, it was revealed that there are eight factors of interests which cause social conflict in projects. It is recommended that future researches should use factors in Formal System Methodology (FSM) to model the prediction of social conflict in projects based on different interests between project and LOCAL COMMUNITY. The results are useful to compose the standard environment and social framework (ESF) as a “middle way interests” concept to reduce social conflict in projects. By using the correct ESF, interests and conflicts can be managed well so that the benefits can be enjoyed by the COMMUNITY and project itself. Finally, the results of this study can be used to formulate indices of social conflicts in construction projects.

Social security protection is clearly defined in ILO conventions and UN instruments as a basic human right – albeit one that a small proportion of the people on our planet actually enjoy. Broadly defined as a system of contribution- based health, pension and unemployment protection, along with tax-financed social benefits, social security has become a universal challenge in a globalizing world. Social security has a powerful impact at all levels of society of rural.The study aims at investigating the factors of social security Improvement from point of view LOCAL COMMUNITY in Meshkinshahr County. At the first stage, factors affecting on success of social security in the Meshkinshar County, were identified from point of view by using semi-structured interview. For attainment of this result, 35 numbers of the settlers of studied region were interviewed.At the second stage, for recognition and analyzing of point of view rural COMMUNITY and the rate of theory consensus them with the result of the first stage. results show that the most important of influencing factors to Social Security of rural in the studied area included component six such as (improvement of economical welfare indexes and interposal action of state, reinforcement of social capital and cognitive capacities, locational dependencies and mental relaxation, realization of social just and dependency of values) that the variance and explained accumulated variance number is (61.01) via this four factor. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.

Tourism policies widely affect the lives of LOCAL residents. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such policies depends on the LOCAL COMMUNITY’s support and participation. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the influence of the LOCAL COMMUNITY’s Place Image and their perception of tourism impacts on their support for tourism policies in Semnan. To this end, some 340 questionnaires were distributed among LOCAL residents, out of which 322 questionnaires were completed by the respondents. The collected data were then analyzed by PLS software using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the residents’ place image had a direct significant effect on their perception of tourism impacts and consequently on their support for tourism development policies. Moreover, the findings highlighted the necessity of evaluating tourism impacts based on the perceptions of residents, because the more favorable they consider the tourism impacts, the more support they give to tourism development policies. Finally, this study suggests some policy recommendations on how to manage the LOCAL COMMUNITY’s place image, their perceptions of tourism impacts, and their support for tourism policy-making.

The administration of justice in the criminal affairs and the principles and methods upon which it is based is facing a serious challenge. This challenge is advocated by the rehabilitative approach wherein in context of justice administration it sees and recognizes the significance of the role which those whose interests are effected, in particular the LOCAL COMMUNITY, can play to this effect. This is in contrast to the traditional school of thought which attributes a pivotal role to the State as the sole and exclusive competent administrator of justice.For a LOCAL COMMUNITY to be able to resolve the disputes of a criminal nature fairly and hence ensures security there are certain conditions, requirements and needs which have to be met.The main intent of this Article is to examine the afore mentioned subjects.To this end it has adopted a manifold approach by first explaining the concepts of the LOCAL COMMUNITY and the rehabilitative justice and then embarking upon the question of responsibility of the said LOCAL COMMUNITY and the contribution which by its participation it can make to the resolution of criminal disputes. Some methods and approaches which in the context of the participation of the LOCAL COMMUNITY have been applied to this effect will also be examined.Following upon this, the Article will examine the feasibility of applying the said principles and methods in Iran. As a point of departure it assesses the historical and cultural backgrounds of the Iranian communities with a view to their specific LOCALity. It then sheds light on the experience which these communities is this have had. In the light of the said examination the Article highlights and lays emphasis on the significance of the application of such an approach and the contribution which LOCAL communities can make to the administration of justice.

this research is implemented in Mahale Kouhsar in Thehran Four region. The precise question is "will using LOCAL COMMUNITY based politics, promote a sense of belonging to COMMUNITY? In order to implement this research, a mixed method was designed including field research, participatory rural appraisal (PRA), and survey. semi structured interviews. Different PRA' techniques and questionnaire were also used for data gathering. The findings showed that programs and politics which had been implemented in this region did not succeed in promoting a sense of belonging to LOCAL COMMUNITY. On the contrary this activity has reduced a sense of belonging to this COMMUNITY. The LOCAL council's policies (Shorayari) mainly relied on modernization of the region and therefore helped to increase differences and gaps between COMMUNITY members. Migration to and from this COMMUNITY actually furthered this gap and the process of reducing a sense of belonging to the COMMUNITY. This situation made mahaleye kouhsar into a passageway. It also reduced the sense of security in the region especially for women.

The LOCAL communities have witnessed substantial resilience throughout the history. In this context, the present study deals with these key research questions: what are the main challenges of LOCAL communities? What are the main factors affecting the vulnerability and resilience in the LOCAL communities? The historical experiences show that, on the one hand, some societies have been able to maintain their cultural characteristics against external changes imposed by such factors as modernization and urbanization. On the other hand, some societies have failed to sustain their cultural characteristics against the external changes. This study focuses on the Fereydunkenar wetland in Mazandaran province as an example of LOCAL COMMUNITY and examines how it faces with challenges and whether it can preserve its LOCALity against external changes. The present research employs the methods of quantitative study and scale analysis. The results of this study reveal the new challenges and resilience of this LOCAL COMMUNITY.